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Resources

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As a service to my readers, I'm including clickable lists of the Resources and Citations featured in the Appendix of my book, Patient-Focused Hypothyroidism Treatment: A Guide for Patients and Practitioners.

Recommended Books 

  • Barnes BO, Galton L. Hypothyroidism: The Unsuspected Illness. New York: Harper & Row; 1976. 286 p.

  • Barnes BO, Barnes CW. Solved: The Riddle of Heart Attacks. 6th edition. Fort Collins, CO: Robinson Press, Inc.; 1984. 74 p. Available from The Broda Barnes Foundation; Trumbull, CT; at https://brodabarnes.org/bookstore.htm

  • Starr M. Hypothyroidism Type 2. Columbia, MO: Mark Starr Trust; 2005. 242 p. (Available on Amazon.com)

  • Skinner GRB. Diagnosis and Management of Hypothyroidism. Biggleswade, UK: Watkiss Studios, Ltd.; 2003. 199 p.

  • Bluming A, Tavris C. Estrogen Matters. New York; Little, Brown Spark; 2018. 245 p. (Available on Amazon.com)

  • Gaby, Alan MD. Preventing and Reversing Osteoporosis. Prima Publishing, 1994. 290 p. (Available on Amazon.com)

  • Holick MA. The Vitamin D Solution: A 3-step Strategy to Cure Our Most Common Health Problems. Paperback, illustrated edition. NYC: Plume, Penguin Books, Inc; 2011 336 p. (Available on Amazon.com)

 

Natural Desiccated Thyroid (NDT) Drugs

 

Levothyroxine (T4) Drugs

 

Liothyronine (T3) Drug

 

Low-Cost Online Pharmacies


Discount Prices and Coupons for Drugs (often cheaper than insurance copays)

 

Find Doctors


Other Resources

Dr. Hurlock's Hypothyroidism/Low Thyroid Symptoms Checklist

Sign up for my free updates to get a free copy of my Hypothyroidism/Low Thyroid Symptoms Checklist.

Free Hypothyroidism/Low Thyroid Symptoms Checklist

Click here to download the checklist

Checklist

Citations

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Citations

  1. Hart FD, MacLagan NF. Oral thyroxine in treatment of myxoedema. British Medical Journal. 1950 Mar 4; 1(4652): 512-518. Available from: https://www.bmj.com/content/1/4652/512

  2. Thyroidadvisor.com [Internet]. Armour thyroid and Synthroid complete overview. 2016 Jul 29 [Cited 2021 Feb 22]. Available from: https://thyroidadvisor.com/armour-thyroid-synthroid-complete-overview/.

  3. Hennessey J (Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA), Espaillat R (Abbvie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA). Current evidence for the treatment of hypothyroidism with levothyroxine/levotriiodothyronine combination therapy versus levothyroxine monotherapy. International Journal of Clinical Practice (John Wiley & Sons Ltd.) [Internet]. 2018 Feb; 72(2): e13062. Available from:
    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/    ijcp.13062/.

  4. American Medical Association, Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry. Useful Drugs. 6th edition. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association; 1923. 171 p.

  5. Duman D (Dept of Cardiology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey), Sahin S, Esertas K, Demirtunc R. Simvastatin improves endothelial function in patents with subclinical hypothyroidism. Heart Vessels [Internet]. 2007 Mar; 22(2): 88-93. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17390202/.

  6. Barnes BO, Galton L. Hypothyroidism: the Unsuspected Illness. New York: Harper & Row; 1976. 286 p.

  7. Cooper D (Chair, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA). Written personal communication. 2012 Sep 6.

  8. Starr M. Hypothyroidism Type 2. Columbia, MO: Mark Starr Trust; 2005. 242 p.

  9. Blum A, Behl M, Birnbaum L, Diamond M, Phillips A, Singla V, Sipes N, Stapleton H, Venier M. Organophosphate ester flame retardants: Are they a regrettable substitution for polybrominated diphenyl ethers? Environmental Science & Technology Letters (American Chemical Society Publications) [Internet]. 2019 Oct 21; 6(11): 638-649. Available from: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00582.

  10. Moccia RD, Leatherland JF, Sonstegard RA. Quantitative interlake comparison of thyroid pathology in Great Lakes coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook (Oncorhynchus tschawaytscha) salmon [comparative study]. Cancer research [Internet]. 1981 Jun; 41(6): 2200-10. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7237420/.

  11. BTF-thyroid.org [Internet]. Harrogate, UK: British Thyroid Foundation; 2022. Thyroid disease in dogs and cats [Cited 2022 July 30]. Available from: https://www.btf-thyroid.org/thyroid-disease-in-dogs-and-cats.

  12. Hodis HN (Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA), Mack WJ, Henderson VW, Shoupe D, Budoff MJ, Hwang-Levine J, Li Y, Feng M, Dustin L, Kono N, Stanczyk FZ, Selzer RH, Azen SP, et al., for the ELITE Research Group. Vascular effect of early versus late postmenopausal treatment with estradiol. New England Journal of Medicine [Internet]. 2016 Mar 31; 374: 1221-31. Available from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1505241/.

  13. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Lobo RA, Shoupe D, Sevanian A, Mahrer PR, Selzer RH, Liu CR, Liu CH, Azen SP, Estrogen in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis Trial Research Group. Estrogen in the prevention of atherosclerosis. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial [clinical trial]. Annals of Internal Medicine [Internet]. 2001 Dec 4; 135(11): 939-53. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11730394/.

  14. Barnes BO, Barnes CW. Solved: The Riddle of Heart Attacks. 6th edition. Fort Collins, CO: Robinson Press, Inc.; 1984. 74 p. Available from: The Broda Barnes Foundation; Trumbull, CT; at https://brodabarnes.org/bookstore.htm.

  15. Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Principal Results From the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial.  JAMA. 2002;288(3):321–333. doi:10.1001/jama.288.3.321 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/195120/.

  16. Bluming A, Tavris C. Estrogen Matters. New York; Little, Brown Spark; 2018. 245 p.

  17. Meurer LN, Lena S. Cancer recurrence and mortality in women using hormone replacement therapy: meta-analysis. Journal of Family Practice [Internet]. 2002 Dec; 51(12): 1056-62. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12540332.

  18. Coelingh Bennink HJT, Verhoeven C, Dutman AE, Thijssen J (The Netherlands). The use of high-dose estrogens for the treatment of breast cancer [review]. Maturitas [Internet]. 2017; 95: 11-23. Available from:
    https://sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/    SO378512216302833

  19. Bluming A, Tavris C. Estrogen Matters. New York; Little, Brown Spark; 2018. 245 p.

  20. NYU Long Island School of Medicine [Internet]. 2022: NYU Langone Health. MD Course Descriptions; [Cited 2019 Sep 25]. Available from: https://medli.nyu.edu/education/md-degree/md-curriculum/course-descriptions.

  21. SleepDr, The Sleep Blog [Internet]. Encino, CA: Advanced Sleep Medicine Services, Inc. 2020; 1994-2022. How much will a sleep study cost me? 2018 [Cited 2020 Nov 2]. Available from: https://www.sleepdr.com/the-sleep-blog/how-much-will-a-sleep-study-cost-me/.

  22. Millman RP, Bevilacqua J, Peterson DD, Pack AI. Central sleep apnea in hypothyroidism [case report]. American Review of Respiratory Diseases [Internet]. 1983 Apr; 127(4): 504-7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6838058/.

  23. Kittle WM, Chaudhary BA. Sleep apnea and hypothyroidism [review]. Southern Medical Journal [Internet]. 1988 Nov; 81(11): 1421-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3055327/.

  24. Hira HS (Pulmonary Medicine & Sleep Centre, New Delhi, India), Sibal L. Sleep apnea syndrome among patients with hypothyroidism. Journal of the Association of Physicians India [Internet]. 1999 Jun; 47(6): 615-8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10999160/.

  25. Grunstein RR (Dept. of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia), Sullivan CE (no affiliation listed). Sleep apnea and hypothyroidism: mechanisms and management [case report]. American Journal of Medicine [Internet]. 1988 Dec; 85(6): 775-9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3057899/.

  26. Gaby, Alan MD. Preventing and Reversing Osteoporosis. Prima Publishing, 1994 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x9Hz9pXb1TE.

  27. Tuchendler D, Bolanowski M. The influence of thyroid dysfunction on bone metabolism. Thyroid Res. [Internet] 2014 Dec 20;7(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s13044-014-0012-0. PMID: 25648501; PMCID: PMC4314789. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4314789/.

  28. Williams GR, Bassett JHD. Thyroid diseases and bone health [review]. Journal of Endocrinology Investigations [Internet]. 2018 Jan; 41(1): 99-109. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28853052/.

  29. Gold HK, Spann JF, Braunwald E. Effect of alterations in the thyroid state on the intrinsic contractile properties of isolated rat skeletal muscle. Journal of Clinical Investigations [Internet]. 11970 Apr; 49(4): 849-54. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5443184/.

  30. Flaim KE, Li JB, Jefferson LS. Effects of thyroxine on protein turnover in rat skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology [Internet]. 1978 Aug; 235(2): E231-6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/686169/.

  31. Wiles CM, Jones DA, Edwards RH. Fatigue in human metabolic myopathy. Ciba Foundation Symposium [Internet]. 1981; 82: 264-82. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6913475/.

  32. Zurcher RM (Berne, Switzerland), Horber FF, Grunig BE, Frey FJ. Effect of thyroid dysfunction on thigh muscle. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism [Internet]. 1989 Nov; 69(5): 1082-6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2793992/.

  33. Khaleeli AA, Edwards RH. Effect of treatment on skeletal muscle dysfunction in hypothyroidism. Clinical Science (London, UK) [Internet]. 1984 Jan; 66(1): 63-8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6606523/.

  34. Ishikawa T (Nagoya, Japan), Chijiwa T, Hagiwara M, Mamiya S, Hidaka H. Thyroid hormones directly interact with vascular smooth muscle strips. Molecular Pharmacology [Interact]. 1989 Jun; 35(6): 760-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2733694/.

  35. Ojamaa K, Balkman C, Klein IL. Acute effects of triiodothyronine on arterial smooth muscle cells [review]. Annals of Thoracic Surgery [Internet]. 1993 Jul; 56(1 Suppl): S61-6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8333799/.

  36. Ellman P. Endocrinal obesity (hypothyroidism) with oedema of the legs, osteoarthritis and hypertension. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine [Internet]. 1938 Jun; 31(8): 918. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2076837/.

  37. Berris B (Toronto, Canada), Owen T. Unusual Manifestations of myxedema. Canadian Medical Association Journal [Internet]. 1965 Jul 3; 93: 21-25. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1928647/.

  38. Lerman J (Mass. Genl. Hosp., Boston, MA), Clark R, Means JH. The heart in myxedema: electrocardiograms and roentgen-ray measurements before and after therapy. Annals of Internal Medicine [Internet]. 1933 Apr 1; 6(10): 1251-71. Available from: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-6-10-1251.

  39. Okamura K, Inoue K, Shiroozu A, Nakashima T, Yoshinari M, Omae T, Yoshizumi T, Nishitani H. [Primary hypothyroidism as a possible cause of hypertension from long-term follow-up studies of patients with Graves’ disease (author’s translation)] [article in Japanese]. Nihon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi [Internet]. 1980 June 20; 56(6): 767-75. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6893308/.

  40. Bing RF, Briggs, RS, Burden, AC, Russell GI, Swales JD, Thurston H. Reversible hypertension and hypothyroidism. Clinical Endocrinology (Oxf). [Internet]. 1980 Oct;13(4):339-42. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7438475/.

  41. Saito I, Ito K, Saruta T. Hypothyroidism as a cause of hypertension [comparative study]. Hypertension [Internet]. 1983; 5(1): 112-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6848458/.

  42. Yamamoto K, Saito K, Takai T, Yoshida S. Unusual manifestations in primary hypothyroidism [review]. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research [Internet]. 1983; 116: 169-87. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6222384/.

  43. Ladenson PW, Goldenheim PD, Ridgway EC. Prediction and reversal of blunted ventilatory responsiveness in patients with hypothyroidism. American Journal of Medicine [Internet]. 1988 May; 84(5): 877-83. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3364447/.

  44. Ambrosino N (Italy), Pacini F, Paggiaro PL, Martino E, Contini V, Turini L, Tarchi M, Vitti P, Bramanti M, Pinchera A. Impaired ventilatory drive in short-term primary hypothyroidism and its reversal by L-triiodothyronine. Journal of Endocrinology Investigation [Internet]. 1985 Dec; 8(6): 533-6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3833897/.

  45. Laroche CM (Brompton Hosp., London, England), Cairns T, Moxham J, Green M. Hypothyroidism presenting with respiratory muscle weakness [case report]. American Review of Respiratory Diseases [Internet]. 1988 Aug: 138(2): 472-4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3195839/.

  46. Siafakas NM (Heraklion, Greece), Salesiotou V, Filaditaki V, Tzanakis N, Thalassinos N, Bouros D. Respiratory muscle strength in hypothyroidism. Chest [Internet]. 1992 Jul; 102(1): 189-94. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1623751/.

  47. Sadek SH (Assuit, Egypt), Khalifa WA, Azoz AH. Pulmonary consequences of hypothyroidism. Annals of Thoracic Medicine [Internet]. 2017 Jul-Sept; 12(3): 204-8. Available from: https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5541969/.

  48. Peters JP (Dept of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT), Man EB. The significance of serum cholesterol in thyroid disease. Journal of Clinical Investigation [Internet]. 1950 Jan [Cited 2019 Oct 8]; 29(1): 1-11. Available from: https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc439718/.

  49. Turner KB. Studies on the prevention of cholesterol atherosclerosis in rabbits: 1. The effects of whole thyroid and of potassium iodide. Journal of Experimental Medicine [Internet]. 1933 June 30; 58(1): 115-25. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19870177/.

  50. Barnes BO, Barnes CW. Solved: The Riddle of Heart Attacks. 6th edition. Fort Collins, CO: Robinson Press, Inc.; 1984. 74 p. Available from: The Broda Barnes Foundation; Trumbull, CT; at https://brodabarnes.org/bookstore.htm.

  51. Barnes BO, Galton L. Hypothyroidism: the Unsuspected Illness. New York: Harper & Row; 1976. 286 p.

  52. Hodis H. (Director, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Univ. of Southern California, LA, CA.). Personal e-mail communication. 2019 Dec 1.

  53. Canner PL, Berge KG, Wenger NK, Stamler J, Friedman L, Prineas RJ, Friedewald W. Fifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients: long-term benefit with niacin [clinical trial]. Journal American College of Cardiology [Internet]. 1986 Dec; 8(6): 1245-55. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3782631/.

  54. Miura S (Fourth Dept. of Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical School, Japan), Iitaka M, Yoshimura H, Kitahama S, Fukasawa N, Kawakami Y, Sakurai S, Urabe M, Sakatsume Y, Ito K, et al. Disturbed lipid metabolism in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: effect of L-thyroxine therapy [abstract]. Internal Medicine [Internet]. 1994 Jul; 33(7): 413-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7949641/.

  55. Gluvic Z (Belgrade, Serbia), Sudar E, Tica J, Jovanovic A, Zafirovic S, Tomasevic R, Isenovic E. Effects of levothyroxine replacement therapy on parameters of metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis in hypothyroid patients: a prospective pilot study. International Journal of Endocrinology [Internet]. 2015 Mar 2. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4363579/.

  56. Haller H. [Epidermiology and associated risk factors of hyperlipoproteinemia] [Article in German]. Z Gesamte Inn Med. 1977 Apr 15; 32(8): 124-8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/883354/.

  57. Healthprep.com [Internet]. St. Michael, Barbados, WI: Pub Labs International, Inc; c 2016-2020. Treating and managing metabolic syndrome; [Cited 2019 Nov 30]. Available from: https://healthprep.com/conditions/treating-managing-metabolic-syndrome/.

  58. Starr M. Hypothyroidism Type 2. Columbia, MO: Mark Starr Trust; 2005. 242 p.

  59. La Mer Website, https://www.cremedelamer.com/product/20652/74983/face/eye-treatments/the-eye-concentrate.

  60. Skinpeutics website, https://skinpeutics.com.

  61. Golding DN (Princess Alexandra Hospital and Harlow Group, Hertfordshire and Essex, UK). Hypothyroidism presenting with musculoskeletal symptoms. Annals of Rheumatologic Diseases [Internet]. 1970; 29: 10-4. Available from: http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1031216/.

  62. Perkins AT, Morgenlander JC. Endocrinologic causes of peripheral neuropathy. Pins and needles in a stocking-and-glove pattern and other symptoms [abstract]. Postgraduate Medicine [Internet]. 1997 Sep; 102(3): 81-2, 90-2, 102-6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9300020/.

  63. Duyff RF (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), Van den Bosch J, Laman DM, van Loon BJ, Linssen WH. Neuromuscular findings in thyroid dysfunction: a prospective clinical and electrodiagnostic study. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery Psychiatry [Internet]. 2000 Jun; 68(6): 750-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10811699/.

  64. Palumbo CF, Szabo RM, Olmsted SL. The effects of hypothyroidism and thyroid replacement on the development of carpal tunnel syndrome. Journal of Hand Surgery [Internet]. 2000 Jul; 25(4): 734-9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10913216/.

  65. Tuppin P (Paris, FR), Blotiere PO, Weill A, Ricordeau P, Allemand H. [Carpal tunnel syndrome surgery in France in 2008: patients’ characteristics and management] [article in French]. Rev Neurol (Paris) [Internet]. 2011 Dec; 16712 905-15. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22035728/.

  66. Jha A (New Delhi, India), Sharma SK, Tandon N, Lakshmy R, Kadhiravan T, Handa KK, Gupta R, Pandey RM, Chaturvedi PK. Thyroxine replacement therapy reverses sleep-disordered breathing in patients with primary hypothyroidism. Sleep Medicine [Internet]. 2006 Jan; 7(1): 55-61. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16198143/.

  67. Melville JC, Menegotto KD, Woernley TC, Maida BD, Alava I 3rd. Unusual case of a massive macroglossia secondary to myxedema: a case report and literature review. Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery [Internet]. 2018 Jan; 76(1): 119-27. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28742994/.

  68. MayoClinic.org [Internet]. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education & Research: Leg swelling; [Cited 2020 May 25]. Available from: https://mayoclinic.org/symptoms/leg-swelling/basics/causes/sym-20050910.

  69. Summers VK (Walton Hospital, Liverpool, UK). Myxoedema Coma. British Medical Journal [Internet]. 1953 Aug 15; 2(4832): 366-368. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13059511/.

  70. Villalba NL (Strasbourg, France), Zulfiqar AA, Saint-Mezard V, Belen Alonso Ortiz M, Kechida M, Fuertes Zamorano N, Suarez Ortega S. Myxedema coma: four patients diagnosed at the internal medicine department of the Dr. Negrin University Hospital in Spain [case series]. Pan African Medical Journal [Internet]. 2019; 34: 7. Available from: https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/34/7/full/.

  71. Muller, R (Germany). [Hoarseness] [article in German]. Ther Umsch [Internet]. 1995 Nov; 52(11): 759-62. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7502253/.

  72. Schwartz SR, Cohen SM, Dailey SH, Rosenfeld RM, Deutsch ES, Gillespie MB, et al. Clinical practice guideline: hoarseness (dysphonia) [practice guideline]. Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery [Internet]. 2009 Sep; 141(3 Suppl 2): S1-S31. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19729111/.

  73. Reiter R (Munich, Germany), Hoffmann TK, Pickhard A, Brosch S. Hoarseness – causes and treatments [review]. Dtsch Arztebl Int [Internet]. 2015 May 8; 112(19): 329-37. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26043420/.

  74. Wang Z. [Diagnosis and treatment in 45 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis associated with throat symptoms] [article in Chinese]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi [Internet]. 2003 Feb; 17(2):81-3. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12833688/.

  75. Nejad SB, Qadim HH, Nazeman L, Fadaii R, Goldust M (Tabriz, Iran). Frequency of autoimmune diseases in those suffering from vitiligo in comparison with normal population. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences [Internet]. 2013 Jun 15; 16(12): 570-4. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24494526/.

  76. Jara LJ, Navarro C, Brito-Zeron MP, Garcia-Carrasco M, Escarcega RO, Ramos-Casals M (Mexico City, Mexico). Thyroid disease in Sjogren’s syndrome [review]. Clinical Rheumatology [Internet]. 2007 Oct; 26(10): 1606-6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17558463/.

  77. Ebert EC. The thyroid and the gut. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology [Internet]. 2010 Jul; 44(6): 402-6. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20351569/.

  78. Pustorino S (Messina, Sicily, Italy), Foti M, Calipari G, Pustorino E, Ferraro R, Guerrisi O, Germanotta G. [Thyroid-intestinal motility interactions summary] [abstract] [article in Italian]. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2004 Dec; 50(4): 305-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15788986/.

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  80. Pernambuco L (Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brasil), Silva MP, Almeida MN, Costa EB, Souza LB. Self-perception of swallowing by patients with benign nonsurgical thyroid disease [article in English, Portuguese]. Codas [Internet]. 2017 Feb 23; 29(1): E20160020. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28273248/.

  81. Eastwood GL, Braverman LE, White EM, Vander Salm TJ. Reversal of lower esophageal sphincter hypotension and esophageal aperistalsis after treatment for hypothyroidism. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology [Internet]. 1982 Aug; 4(4): 307-10. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7119407/.

  82. Urquhart AD, Rea IM, Lawson LT, Skipper M. A new complication of hypothyroid coma: neurogenic dysphagia: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Thyroid [Internet]. 2001 Jun; 11(6): 595-8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11442008/.

  83. Ilhan M (Dept. of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Benmialem University, Istanbul, Turkey), Arabici E, Turgut S, Karaman O, Danalioglu A, Tasan E. Esophagus motility in overt hypothyroidism. Journal of Endocrinology investigation [Internet]. 2014 Jul; 37(7): 639-44. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24844564/.

  84. Kukolja K (Radna jedinica za interne bolesti Medicinski centar, Varazdin, Croatia), Dvorscak D, Beer Z, Dumicic J. [Intestinal pseudoobstruction in hypothyroidism] [abstract] [article in Croatian]. Lijec Vjesn [Internet]. 1990 May-Jun: 112(5-6): 165-7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2233114/.

  85. Fiorani S (Rome, Italy), Reda G, Cesareo R, Tomba G, Visentin PP. [Hypothyroidism and megacolon] [case report] [article in Italian]. Minerva Anestesiol [Internet]. 1996 Jul-Aug; 62(7-8): 271-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8999378/.

  86. Shafer RB, Prentiss RA, Bond JH. Gastrointestinal transit in thyroid disease. Gastroenterology [Internet]. 1984 May; 86(5 Pt 1): 852-5. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6706068/.

  87. Sinha RA (Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore), Singh BK, Yen PM. Direct effects of thyroid hormones on hepatic lipid metabolism. National Review of Endocrinology [Internet]. 2018 May; 14(5): 259-69. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29472712/.

  88. MayoClinic.org [Internet]. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education & Research: c 1998-2022. Cholesterol medications: consider the options; [Cited 2020 May 26]. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditons/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/cholesterol-medications/art-20050958/.

  89. WebMD.com [Internet]. WebMD, LLC; 2018. 12 Common side effects of cholesterol drugs; [Cited 2020 May 26]. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/common-side-effects-cholesterol-meds/.

  90. MayoClinic.org [Internet]. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education & Research: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; [Cited 2020 May 20]. Available from: https://mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease/symptoms-causes/SYC-20354567/.

  91. Sinha RA (Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore), Singh BK, Yen PM. Direct effects of thyroid hormones on hepatic lipid metabolism. National Review of Endocrinology [Internet]. 2018 May; 14(5): 259-69. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29472712/.

  92. Tsuchiya Y (Kanazawa, Japan), Nakajima M, Yokoi T. Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of estrogens and its regulation in human [review]. Cancer Letters [Internet]. 2005 Sep 28; 227(2): 115-24. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16112414/.

  93. Wikipedia.org [Internet]. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Polycystic ovary syndrome; [Last edited 2022 Dec 8]; Cited 2019 Jul 21]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystic_ovary_syndrome.

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